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Beneath the enchanting landscapes of Cappadocia lies a darker, deeper world—vast underground cities carved out by ancient civilizations. Among them, two names consistently spark debate among travelers: Kaymaklı and Derinkuyu. Both offer unforgettable journeys into the subterranean past, but each delivers a very different kind of experience. So, when it comes to Kaymaklı vs Derinkuyu, which underground city should you explore?
This guide breaks down every major factor—size, depth, accessibility, crowd levels, guided vs self-guided visits, and overall atmosphere—so you can confidently choose the right underground adventure for your Cappadocia itinerary.
A Brief History: Why Were These Cities Built?
Both Kaymaklı and Derinkuyu are part of an intricate network of subterranean cities built by early Christian communities (and possibly even Hittites) to escape persecution, invasions, and harsh weather. These underground refuges included ventilation shafts, food storage rooms, stables, wineries, churches, and living quarters—showing just how advanced and sustainable these communities were underground.
Derinkuyu and Kaymaklı are two of the largest and most accessible of these cities, with complex layouts and fascinating legends buried within their tunnels.
Size & Depth: How Deep Do They Go?
Derinkuyu is the deeper of the two and the most extensive underground city currently open to the public. It descends over 60 meters (200 feet) and includes 8 publicly accessible levels—though it is believed to have as many as 18 in total. It could once shelter up to 20,000 people along with livestock and supplies.
Kaymaklı, while not as deep, is much wider in horizontal layout. It reaches around 20 meters deep over 4 levels, and because of its more expansive layout, many visitors find it easier to explore.
Verdict:
- For depth and sheer scale, Derinkuyu wins.
- For breadth and ease of movement, Kaymaklı is more comfortable.
Accessibility & Visitor Comfort
When it comes to navigating these underground labyrinths, comfort and claustrophobia are real concerns.
Kaymaklı offers wider tunnels and better ventilation. The sloped passageways are more spacious, making it more manageable for those who may be uneasy underground. It’s also easier to navigate for older visitors or those who may have mild mobility issues.
Derinkuyu, while breathtaking, has narrow staircases, tight corridors, and a few steep climbs. It can feel intense, especially during peak hours, and is not ideal for those with mobility challenges or claustrophobia.
Verdict:
- Kaymaklı is more accessible and less physically demanding.
- Derinkuyu is for adventurous explorers ready for a tighter squeeze.
Crowd Levels & Atmosphere
Both sites are popular, but Derinkuyu often sees heavier foot traffic due to its fame as the deepest city and its frequent appearance in travel documentaries.
Kaymaklı usually has fewer tour groups and allows for a more relaxed, self-paced experience. Its wider halls make even busy periods feel less congested.
Verdict:
- Kaymaklı offers a calmer, more atmospheric visit.
- Derinkuyu can feel crowded, especially in summer.
Guided vs Self-Guided Visits
Derinkuyu is best explored with a guide. The layout is complex, and without context, the vast halls and tunnels can feel repetitive. Local guides provide crucial insight into the function of rooms, escape shafts, and ancient ventilation systems.
Kaymaklı is more intuitive to navigate. Signage is decent, and while a guide adds value, self-guided visits are absolutely doable—especially if you’re following a map or using an audio guide.
Verdict:
- Derinkuyu requires a guide for full appreciation.
- Kaymaklı is more self-guided visitor–friendly.
Key Highlights of Each Underground City
Top Features in Derinkuyu
- Missionary school and study halls
- Unique vertical ventilation shaft stretching 55 meters
- Deepest accessible point in any Cappadocia cave system
- Stone doors designed to seal off corridors from invaders
- The haunting descent into multi-level living quarters
Top Features in Kaymaklı
- Stables, wineries, and food storage areas
- Wider passageways ideal for first-time cave explorers
- Ancient ventilation shafts and an efficient living layout
- A more horizontal, community-based architectural feel
- Copper-aging rooms used in traditional winemaking
Admission, Hours & Museum Pass
Both cities are included in the Museum Pass Cappadocia, which is highly recommended if you plan to visit multiple historical sites.
- Derinkuyu Underground City
Entry Fee: ~₺300
Opening Hours: 08:00 – 19:00 (Summer), 08:00 – 17:00 (Winter) - Kaymaklı Underground City
Entry Fee: ~₺300
Opening Hours: 08:00 – 19:00 (Summer), 08:00 – 17:00 (Winter)
Visit Kaymaklı Underground City
Visit Derinkuyu Underground City
Location & Getting There
Both cities are located in Nevşehir Province, Cappadocia, and are accessible by car, local bus, or guided tour.
- Kaymaklı is about 20 minutes (19 km) from Nevşehir city center.
- Derinkuyu is slightly farther, 30 minutes (30 km) from Nevşehir.
Many tours combine visits to either city with other regional highlights like Ihlara Valley or Selime Monastery.
Adventurer’s FAQ
Q: Which underground city is less claustrophobic?
A: Kaymaklı is less claustrophobic thanks to wider tunnels and better airflow.
Q: Can I visit both in one day?
A: Yes, but it’s best to start with Derinkuyu in the morning (cooler and less crowded), then head to Kaymaklı after lunch.
Q: Are both sites suitable for kids?
A: Children over 8 generally enjoy Kaymaklı more. Derinkuyu can be overwhelming due to tight spaces.
Q: Is photography allowed?
A: Yes, but lighting is limited underground. Flash is permitted, though natural light photography is challenging.
Q: Which is better for history buffs?
A: Derinkuyu offers deeper historical and architectural insight, especially with a guide.
Top Experiences & Tours in Cappadocia
Exploring the underground cities of Kaymaklı and Derinkuyu is just the beginning of what Cappadocia has to offer. From sunrise balloon rides to multi-day cultural journeys, these carefully crafted tours are the perfect way to experience the region’s most iconic and hidden gems. Whether you’re visiting for a day or planning an immersive getaway, these top tours make sure you see the very best of Cappadocia.
Cappadocia Day Trip from Istanbul by Plane
Ideal for those short on time, this day tour includes round-trip flights from Istanbul and a guided journey through Cappadocia’s top sites, often including one of the underground cities.
One Day, Infinite Wonder – See Full Itinerary and Book
2-Day Cappadocia Tour from Istanbul with Flights
This two-day tour offers a comfortable pace for exploring underground cities, Göreme, and Cappadocia’s famous valleys. It includes flights, accommodation, and guided excursions.
Escape the City, Discover the Depths – See Full Itinerary and Book
3-Day/2-Night Cappadocia Tour from Istanbul (Afternoon Departure)
Perfect for travelers wanting a late start, this tour gives you more time to immerse in the region’s landscapes, cave churches, and subterranean wonders.
Late Start, Full Adventure – See Full Itinerary and Book
2-Day Cappadocia Adventure with Sunrise Hot Air Balloon Ride
Pair your underground journey with the thrill of a sunrise balloon flight over valleys and fairy chimneys. This tour is an excellent blend of ground and sky.
Fly High, Explore Deep – See Full Itinerary and Book
2-Day Red and Green Cappadocia Tour from Istanbul
This well-balanced tour covers both the Red and Green routes—meaning you’ll likely see an underground city along with panoramic viewpoints, valleys, and historical landmarks.
See It All, North to South – See Full Itinerary and Book
3-Day Cappadocia Tour from Istanbul with Flights
A full immersion into Cappadocia’s rich culture and natural beauty, this tour often includes Derinkuyu or Kaymaklı, plus time to relax and enjoy the region’s highlights at your own pace.
Total Cappadocia Experience – See Full Itinerary and Book
3-Day Pamukkale, Ephesus and Cappadocia Tour with Flights
Explore three of Turkey’s most iconic destinations in one seamless itinerary—Cappadocia’s underground cities, Ephesus’s ancient ruins, and Pamukkale’s surreal travertine terraces.
Three Destinations, One Incredible Journey – See Full Itinerary and Book
Final Verdict: Kaymaklı or Derinkuyu?
Choosing between Kaymaklı vs Derinkuyu depends on what kind of underground adventure you’re looking for.
Choose Kaymaklı if you:
- Prefer a more spacious, comfortable experience
- Want to explore at your own pace without a guide
- Are traveling with kids or elders
- Dislike tight, steep staircases
Choose Derinkuyu if you:
- Want to experience the deepest, most complex underground city
- Are okay with tight spaces and steeper descents
- Plan to go with a knowledgeable guide
- Love engineering marvels and historical architecture
For many travelers, the perfect solution is visiting both—start with the depth and drama of Derinkuyu, then unwind in the more open, atmospheric Kaymaklı.
